Ecology Summary - Halichaetonotus spinosus

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Ecology of Halichaetonotus spinosus

Main Ref.	Balsamo, M., M.A. Todaro and P. Tongiorgi, 1992
Remarks	This is a benthic interstitial species, found in beach and shorelines (Ref. 111259), in fine loose sand of both littoral and shallow sublittoral zone (Ref. 2581).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Halichaetonotus spinosus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: demersal; Soft Bottom: sand ( fine, );
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Todaro, M.A., J.W. Fleeger and W.D. Hummon, 1995
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19)
Feeding type Ref.	Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.