Ecology Summary - Wrangelia penicillata

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Ecology of Wrangelia penicillata

Main Ref.	Norris, J.N. and K.E. Bucher, 1982
Remarks	Found on rocky substrates in shallow subtidal areas (Ref. 106682).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Wrangelia penicillata may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.	Norris, J.N. and K.E. Bucher, 1982
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Norris, J.N. and K.E. Bucher, 1982
Associations	epiphytic;
Associated with	Liagora farinosa and Caulerpa verticillata (Ref. 87157).
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.