Ecology Summary - Placuna placenta

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Ecology of Placuna placenta

Main Ref.	Bernard, F.R., Y.Y. Cai and B. Morton, 1993
Remarks	Found in sandy or muddy substrates in shallow estuarine lagoons, coves and small bays where salinity of water ranges from 10-35 ppm (Refs. 80041, 128042). Also found on seagrass (Ref. 122159). On mangrove swamps and shrimp ponds (Ref. 75840).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Placuna placenta may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand; mud;
Substrate Ref.	Sotto, F.B. and R. von Cosel, 1982
Special habitats	Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.	Verdadero, F.X., W.Y. Licuanan, K.C. Escudero, E,J,G. Narida, A.C.C. Cristobal and N.B, Espana, 2017

Associations

Ref.	Poutiers, J.M., 1998
Associations	colony-forming/symphorism;
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	2.41	0.22			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.