Ecology Summary - Phallusia nigra

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Ecology of Phallusia nigra

Main Ref.	Collin, R., M.C. Díaz, J. Norenburg, R.M. Rocha, J.A. Sánchez, M. Schulze, A. Schwartz and A. Valdés, 2005
Remarks	It has a wide geographical range in warm seas. Common in all habitats and it is usually surrounded by ophiurans (Ref. 415). Under rock slabs and boulders in the lower eulittoral zone and subtidal rocks. Fouls pier piles and pontoons (Ref. 102838). Commensal with amphipods (Ref. 82302).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Phallusia nigra may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: sessile; Hard Bottom: rubble;
Substrate Ref.	DeFelice, R.C., L.G. Eldredge and J.T. Carlton, 2001
Special habitats	Beds: rock; Corals: hard corals: ( on exoskeleton, ); Other habitats: vegetation ( roots/holdfast, ); pilings; boat hulls;
Special habitats Ref.	DeFelice, R.C., L.G. Eldredge and J.T. Carlton, 2001

Associations

Ref.	Turon, X., 2010
Associations	solitary; commensalism;
Associated with	Inhabited by Leucothoe wuriti (Ref. 82302).
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19)
Feeding type Ref.	Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004
Feeding habit	filtering plankton
Feeding habit Ref.	Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.