| Main Ref. | Schneider, W., 1990 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Oceanic but occurs near the surface at night (Ref. 417). Occasionally washed up on the beaches (Ref. 88739). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Pelagic; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | Schneider, W., 1990 |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Araya, H., 1983 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Hoving, H.J.T., J.A.A. Perez, K.S.R. Bolstad, H.E. Braid, A.B. Evans, D. Fuchs, H. Judkins, J.T. Kelly, J.E.A.R. Marian, R. Nakajima, U. Piatkowski, A. Reid, M. Vecchione, J.C.C. Xavier, 2014 |
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 4.42 | 0.47 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||