| Main Ref. | SAUP Database, 2006 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | At sea and on coasts. Feeds on small fish (Ref. 801). Plunge diving; dipping; offshore; continental shelf (Ref. 356). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Karpouzi, V.S., 2005 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Karpouzi, V.S., 2005 |
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 4.48 | 0.78 | Troph of juv./adults. | ||
| From individual food items | 4.34 | 0.96 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Chiaradia, A., P. Dann, R. Jessop and P. Collins, 2002 | ||||