Hydrozoa | 
Anthoathecata | 
Rathkeidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Pelagic; depth range 0 - 116 m (Ref. 120471).  Polar; 85°N -   57°S, 180°W -   180°E			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Indo-Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic and the Mediterranean.  Mostly boreal, but also in subtropical and tropical.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 0.5 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref. 2992)			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						Bell height measures 4 mm; short manubrium on a gelatinous peduncle; developing medusa buds on outer walls of stomach, later occupied by developing gonads; 4 distinct lips on the mouth, each with a pair of separated nematocysts knobs; 4 radial canals and 8 tentacle bulbs, 3-5 tentacles on each bulb at the base of each radial canal and 1-3 tentacles on the alternate bulbs; tentacle bulbs and stomach vary from yellowish to reddish to brown coloration (Ref. 2376).					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					North-boreal species in the Atlantic and Pacific (Ref. 2376).  Meroplanktonic (Ref. 120471).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Species listed only in medusoid stage; very abundant in spring (Ref. 1663, p. 16, 52).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Cairns, S.D., D.R. Calder, A. Brinckmann-Voss, C.B. Castro, D.G. Fautin, P.R. Pugh, C.E. Mills, W.C. Jaap, M.N. Arai, S.H.D. Haddock and D.M. Opresko 2003 Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophore, Second Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, no,28. XI+115. With CD-ROM. (Ref. 1663)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  				 
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
							
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (10 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.