Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Pelagic. Tropical
Indo-Pacific.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 38.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 140.00 g (Ref. 356)
Wing: 28.0 cm.
Total Length: 35 to 38 cm; Wingspan: 73 to 76 cm (Ref. 8812). Found along the coast and continental shelf (Ref. 356). Exclusively marine. Breeds singly or in loose colonies, typically along cliffs (Ref. 91362). Breeding colonies may be found on tropical islands, along beaches and low sea cliffs. Heavily preyed on by rats (Ref. 84934). Exhibits dipping behavior (Ref. 356). Feeds mainly by plunge diving or by dipping the surface while hovering. Diet primarily consists of fish, especially five-horned cowfish, juvenile flyingfish, goatfish, herring, and dolphinfish, but also eats squid, crustaceans, mollusks and insects (marine and terrestrial) (Ref. 122680).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
SAUP Database 2006 SAUP Database. www.seaaroundus.org. (Ref. 356)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Population dynamicsGrowth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 23.5 - 28.9, mean 26.2 (based on 33 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
