| Main Ref. | Bartley, D.M. (comp./ed.), 2006 |
| To | Ukraine (Black Sea) |
| FAO area | Mediterranean and Black Sea |
| From | North Atlantic |
| FAO area | |
| Year | 1966 |
| Range | |
| Period | 1950-1974 |
| Established in the Wild | yes, self reproducing |
| Established in Aquaculture | |
| Significant Ecological Interactions | probably yes - beneficial |
| Significant Socio-economic Effects | |
| Introduced by | other introducer |
| Reason | ballast water |
| Other Reason | |
| Comments | Populations on Northwest shelf have been significantly reduced by hypoxia. Probably introduced by ballast waters. |