| Main Ref. | Hill, M., R. Baker, G. Broad, P.J. Chandler, G.H. Coop, J. Ellis, D. Jones, C. Hoyland, I. Laing, M. Longshaw, N. Moore, D. Parrott, D. Pearman, C. Preston, R.M. Smith and R. Waters, 2005 |
| To | England. |
| FAO area | Atlantic, Northeast |
| From | North America including Mexico. |
| FAO area | Atlantic, Northwest |
| Year | 1600 |
| Range | 1245 - 1600 |
| Period | Pre 18th century |
| Established in the Wild | yes |
| Established in Aquaculture | |
| Significant Ecological Interactions | Unknown |
| Significant Socio-economic Effects | |
| Introduced by | other introducer |
| Reason | bait |
| Other Reason | accidental with ships |
| Comments | May have been deliberately introduced for food or bait, or larvae may have been transported accidentally in the bilges of ships. Fossils show it was previously native to Europe but became extinct during the Pleistocene Epoch. Introduced either by the Vikings or during the 16th or 17th century and became re-established. Ref. Hill, M., R. Baker, G. Broad, P.J. Chandler, G.H. Coop, J. Ellis, D. Jones, C. Hoyland, I. Laing, M. Longshaw, N. Moore, D. Parrott, D. Pearman, C. Preston, R.M. Smith and R. Waters, 2005 |