Mammalia |
Carnivora |
Phocidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Bathydemersal. Polar; 0°N - 90°S, 180°W - 180°E
Indo-Pacific, Atlantic Ocean, and the Antarctic.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 300 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 1394); 360 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 450.0 kg (Ref. 1394); max. published weight: 450.0 kg
Found throughout the pack ice zone; haul out on ice and land, often preferring ice floes, when available. Feeds on krill, fish, squid, penguins, and young seals, and will occasionally scavenge from carcasses of whales (Ref. 1394). Found throughout the pack ice zone; haul out on ice and land, often preferring ice floes, when available. Feeds on krill, fish, squid, penguins, and young seals, and will occasionally scavenge from carcasses of whales (Ref. 1394).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber 1993 FAO species Identification Guide: Marine Mammals of the World. Rome, FAO. 320 p. + 587 figures. (Ref. 1394)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: species profile | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Tools
More information
Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): -1.9 - 1.4, mean -0.5 (based on 2109 cells).
Resilience
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.36-0.47).
Fishing Vulnerability
High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
