Gastropoda |
Littorinimorpha |
Littorinidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Benthic. Tropical
Indo-West Pacific.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 1.7 cm SHH male/unsexed; (Ref. 82584)
Shell high-conical, spire profile straight to slightly convex, base slightly convex; 2 rows of 9-18 rounded nodules on last whorl, peripheral nodules crossed by 2-3 threads, threads on base often nodulose; aperture rounded anteriorly, anterior lip not projecting; grey or black with white to cream nodules. Penial filament triangular, pointed, 0.4-0.5 total length of penis; copulatory bursa divided, ventral branch equal to or longer than dorsal branch (Ref. 82584).
Commonly inhabits the upper littoral fringe. Found on basalt, volcanic tuff, granite, shale, coral limestone, sandstone, concrete and rarely on mangrove trunks, in sheltered to moderately exposed sites. This species is most abundant in continental settings, and is more tolerant of turbidity and slightly estuarine conditions. It is generally uncommon on karstic limestone in clear-water habitats with fringing reefs, as in the Philippines and Sulawesi (Ref. 82584).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the order Littorinimorpha are mostly simultaneous hermaphrodites.
Reid, D.G. 2007. (Ref. 82584)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Tools
More information
Age/SizeGrowthLength-weightLength-lengthMorphologyLarvaeAbundance
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
