Gastropoda | 
Trochida | 
Turbinidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Reef-associated; depth range 0 - 5 m (Ref. 75835).  Tropical; 31°N -   28°S, 42°E -   124°W			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Indo-Pacific.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 8.5 cm SHL male/unsexed; (Ref. 821); common length : 5.0 cm SHL male/unsexed; (Ref. 349); max. reported age: 3.00 years (Ref. 117181)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					One of the most frequently collected Turbinidae in the area, mainly for food.  Shell also used as material for making buttons (Ref. 349). Sublittoral zone, in shallow water.  Found in exposed areas of coral reefs (Ref. 349).  Intertidal to 5 m, seaward on coral reefs (Ref. 75835).  Herbivorous and detritus feeder (Ref. 107013).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Members of the order Patellogastropoda are mostly gonochoric and broadcast spawners.  Life cycle:  Embryos develop into planktonic trocophore larvae and later into juvenile veligers before becoming fully grown adults.				
			
			
			
			
			
				Poutiers, J.M. 1998 Gastropods. p. 363-648. In Carpenter, K. E. and V. H. Niem. 1998. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 1. Seaweeds, corals, bivalves, and gastropods. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 349)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
					  Harmless				
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
				Fisheries: commercial			
			
			
				 | FishSource | Sea Around Us			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 25.6 - 29.3, mean 28.6 (based on 2967 cells).			
 
			
			
			
							
					Resilience  				
				
				
					High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.58; tmax=3).				
			
			
							
					 Prior r = 1.19, 95% CL = 0.79 - 1.79, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.				
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (22 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
			
			
				Nutrients  :  Calcium = 126 [75, 177]  mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92]  mg/100g; Protein = 15.9 [14.8, 16.9] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400]  g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2]  μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02]  mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.