Gastropoda |
Cephalaspidea |
Philinidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Benthic; depth range 16 - 2355 m (Ref. 118694), usually 200 - 1752 m (Ref. 3446). Subtropical; 68°N - 35°N, 70°W - 0°W (Ref. 3446)
Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean and the Arctic. Subtropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 0.6 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3446)
Maximum depth from Ref. 113590. Found on clay, sand, coarse sand, shell sand, rocks and gravel. Observed to contain forams in their guts (Ref. 113590).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the order Cephalaspidea are mostly simultaneous hermaphrodites.
Turgeon, D.D., J.F. Quinn Jr., A.E. Bogan, E.V. Coan, F.G. Hochberg, W.G. Lyons, P.M. Mikkelsen, R.J. Neves, C.F.E. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, F.G. Thompson, M. Vecchione and J.D. Willams. 1998. (Ref. 1667)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Morphology
Larvae
Abundance
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 3.3 - 10.4, mean 4.6 (based on 496 cells).
Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
