Mammalia |
Carnivora |
Ursidae
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
居于水底的. Polar
Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic: Ursus maritimus maritimus: Canada, Northwest Territories, Baffin Island, Greenland, Svalbard, Russia, Labrador, Newfoundland, Quebec, Iceland, Norway; Ursus maritimus marinus: Russia, Beaufort Sea, Alaska, Bering Sea, Kamchatka, Kuril Island, Sea of Okhotsk, Japan (Ref. 1522).
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 250 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 1394); 200 cm TL (female); 最大体重: 800.0 kg (参考文献 1394); 最大体重: 800.0 kg
Fur color: white, yellow, grey, or almost brown, depending on season and light conditions; black skin, including nose and lips; plantigrade; claws not retractable.
Generally associated with ice, but they have been swimming at sea many kilometers away from the nearest land. Feeds on ringed, bearded, harp and hooded seals, and rarely walruses and white whales; sometimes eat arctic cod and other forms of animal and vegetable matter (Ref. 1394). Generally associated with ice, but they have been swimming at sea many kilometers away from the nearest land. Feeds on ringed, bearded, harp and hooded seals, and rarely walruses and white whales; sometimes eat arctic cod (Ref. 1394), charr, sculpin, and plants (Ref. 81152). They display migration patterns and spend time on the ice for hunting, a positive energy state, and move to their terrestrial habitat, a negative energy state, when the ice melts. Earlier ice break-ups show earlier arrival of polar bears ashore (Ref. 93189).
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber 1993 FAO species Identification Guide: Marine Mammals of the World. Rome, FAO. 320 p. + 587 figures. (参考文献 1394)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书
(参考文献 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
易受伤害 (VU) (A3c); Date assessed: 27 August 2015
对人类的威胁
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
FAO - 渔业: 物种外形 | FishSource | 周边海洋
工具
网络资源
基于模型的估算
回复力
高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.52-0.78; tm=4.1).
渔业脆弱性
High vulnerability (64 of 100).
价格分类
Unknown.
