Aves |
Sphenisciformes |
Spheniscidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Others. Subtropical
Indo-West Pacific, Southwest Atlantic and the Antarctic. Subtropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 67.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 84934); max. published weight: 5.4 kg (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 5.55 cm; tarsus: 2.4 cm.
Total population is estimated at 200,00 pairs, currently stable. This is a gregarious species, that breeds in large colonies in rocky coasts (Ref. 91362). Pursuit diving (Ref. 356).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Harrison, P. 1987 Seabirds of the world: a photographic guide. Christopher Helm, Hong Kong, 317p. (Ref. 91362)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Population dynamicsGrowth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.