Bivalvia |
Venerida |
Veneridae
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
Benthic; 半鹹淡水; 深度上下限 0 - 40 m (參考文獻 114765). Subtropical, preferred 15°C (參考文獻 107945); 70°N - 35°S, 25°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea: Norway to South Africa, east to Egypt, Gulf of Suez.
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 2.2 range ? - ? cm Max length : 7.7 cm SHL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (參考文獻 109255); common length : 4.0 cm SHL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (參考文獻 437); 最大年齡: 10 年 (參考文獻 2823)
Longevity wild refers to the synonym Venerupis pullastra (Ref. 2823). Found buried along the sub-littoral zone in fine-grained sandy or gravel substrates with less than 30% mud content (Refs. 114581, 7882). A microvore that feeds on organic detritus (Ref. 96352). Also in Refs. 2711, 96292.
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Members of the class Bivalvia are mostly gonochoric, some are protandric hermaphrodites. Life cycle: Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam.
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Fischer, W., G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.) 1981 Bivalves. 6: pag.var. In FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Central Atlantic (fishing areas 34, 47; in part). Canada Funds-in-Trust. Ottawa, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, by arrangement with the Food and AgriculturesOrganization of the United Nations, 1-7: pag.var. (參考文獻 437)
IUCN 瀕危狀態
(參考文獻 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
CITES狀態 (參考文獻 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
Harmless
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
| FishSource | 周邊海洋
工具
網路資源
基於模型的估計
首選溫度
(Ref.
115969): 14.5 - 26.2, mean 18.8 (based on 176 cells).
回復力
中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.23; tmax=10).
釣魚的脆弱性
Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
氣候脆弱性
Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 149 [71, 228] mg/100g; Iron = 8.53 [1.95, 15.11] mg/100g; Protein = 9.88 [8.64, 11.12] %; Omega3 = 0.313 [0.202, 0.423] g/100g; Selenium = 61 [50, 72] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 2.04 [0.56, 3.51] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
