Malacostraca | 
Decapoda | 
Penaeidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range				
				
					पारिस्थितिकी				
				
			
			
				;  गहराई सीमा 0 - 130 m (संदर्भ 103830), usually ? - 30 m (संदर्भ 103558).  Tropical; 73°N -   28°S, 98°W -   33°W			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Western Atlantic and the Arctic:  Bermuda, Nova Scotia, from Chesapeake Bay to Florida Keys, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea to Brazil up to Santa Catarina.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / आकार / Weight / Age
			
			
				परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ?, range 1 - ? cm Max length : 9.2 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 8); common length : 8.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 8)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Common total length:  6.0 to 8.0 cm (Ref. 8). This is an oceanic, demersal species found up to 130 meters in depth (Ref. 103831).  Occurs in unconsolidated sublittoral sediments  (Ref. 105332).  Bottom sand or mud and shells (Ref. 8). Also found in seagrass (Ref. 102062).  Preyed upon bony fishes (Refs. 34001, 105209, 105210).  Known as a filter-feeder and zooplanktivore (Ref. 128410).  In general, the majority of penaeids are omnivorous or detritus feeders (Ref. 105082).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Mating behavior:  Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833).  Spawning peaks during summer (Ref. 103558).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Holthuis, L.B. 1980 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 1. Shrimps and prawns of the world. An annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(1):271 p. Rome: FAO. (संदर्भ 8)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (संदर्भ 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (संदर्भ 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				CMS (संदर्भ 116361)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
				मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां			
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
साधन
			
			
			
			
				
					अधिक जानकारी				
				
					 Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)संघटक आहारआहार खपतपरभक्षी   Population dynamicsबाढ़Max. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionबहुतायत   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				इंटरनेट स्रोत
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 22.5 - 27.8, mean 24.8 (based on 256 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (10 of 100).