Malacostraca |
Decapoda |
Penaeidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
; تغييرات عمق 1 - 60 m (مرجع 8), usually 10 - 40 m (مرجع 8). Tropical, preferred 27°C (مرجع 107945); 16°N - 35°S, 18°W - 36°E (مرجع 111099)
Eastern Atlantic and Western Indian Ocean: West African coast from Senegal to Angola and around the South African Cape to Mozambique.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm 10.8, range 7 - ? cm Max length : 12.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 434); 17 cm TL (female); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 23.18 g (مرجع 117292)
Common total length: 6.0 to 9.0 cm (male); 9.0 to 14.0 cm (female) (Ref. 8). Found on bottom mud or sandy mud marine and estuarine environment with temperature not less than 16°C (Ref. 8).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the order Decapoda are mostly gonochoric. Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer.
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
Holthuis, L.B. 1980 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 1. Shrimps and prawns of the world. An annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(1):271 p. Rome: FAO. (مرجع 8)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN
(مرجع 130435: Version 2025-1)
وضعيت از نظر سايتس (مرجع 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
FAO - ماهي گيري – شيلات: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us
ابزارها
اطلاعات بيشتر
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 22.6 - 28.3, mean 26.9 (based on 154 cells).
جهندگی
زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (K=0.89-0.99).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
High vulnerability (57 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 109 [35, 184] mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386] g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.