Polychaeta |
Not assigned |
Paraonidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range
Οικολογία
; εύρος βάθους 40 - 2496 m (Αναφ. 125327). Polar; 82°N - 67°S, 168°W - 58°E
Arctic, Eastern Pacific, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean and Antarctic Indian Ocean: from Alaska to Europe and Antarctica.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Weight / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Maximum depth from Ref. 125420. This is an endobenthic species found on soft bottoms (Ref. 95730), in littoral and bathyal areas (Ref. 116516). A non-selective, burrowing surface deposit feeder (based from a species under the same family; Ref. 87179).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Eggs | Γονιμότητα | Larvae
Members of the class Polychaeta are mostly gonochoric (sexual). Mating: Females produce a pheromone attracting and signalling the males to shed sperm which in turn stimulates females to shed eggs, this behavior is known as swarming. Gametes are spawned through the metanephridia or body wall rupturing (termed as "epitoky", wherein a pelagic, reproductive individual, "epitoke", is formed from a benthic, nonreproductive individual, "atoke"). After fertilization, most eggs become planktonic; although some are retained in the worm tubes or burrowed in jelly masses attached to the tubes (egg brooders). Life Cycle: Eggs develop into trocophore larva, which later metamorph into juvenile stage (body lengthened), and later develop into adults.
Cusson, M., P. Archambault and A. Aitken 2007 Biodiversity of benthic assemblages on the Arctic continental shelf: historical data form Canada. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 331:291-304. (Αναφ. 3448)
IUCN Red List Status
(Αναφ. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Αναφ. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Εργαλεία
Περισσότερες πληροφορίες
Τροφική ΟικολογίαFood items (preys)Σύσταση δίαιταςΚατανάλωση τροφήςΘηρευτές Population dynamicsΑύξηση
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Αφθονία
Life cycleΑναπαραγωγήΓεννητική ΩρίμανσηΓονιμότηταΓεννοβολίαEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyΚατανάλωση οξυγόνου
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Price category
Unknown.
