Bivalvia | 
Adapedonta | 
Pharidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range				
				
					Ekologi				
				
			
			
				; brackvatten;  djupintervall 0 - 73 m (Ref. 104365).  Temperate, preferred 12°C (Ref. 107945); 46°N -   18°N, 91°W -   59°W			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Western Atlantic Ocean:  from Nova Scotia, Canada to Florida and southern Gulf of Mexico to Campeche, Mexico. Introduced in the Northeast Atlantic from UK (England and Wales), the North Sea to southern Norway and southern Baltic Sea to Spain in the southern Bay of Biscay. Tropical to temperate.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 26.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 7726)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Comprise communities and assemblages throughout the Mid-Atlantic Bight (Ref. 80354). Inhabits littoral and sublittoral sediment (Ref. 1314).  Found in areas influenced by estuarine outflows (Ref. 96507).  Swims backward (Ref. 80328).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Members of the class Bivalvia are mostly gonochoric, some are protandric hermaphrodites.  Life cycle:  Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam.				
			
			
			
			
			
				Harvey-Clark, C. 1997 Eastern tidepool and reef: north-central Atlantic marinelife guide. Hancock House Publishers, 64pp. (Ref. 7726)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
				Fiskeri: kommersiell			
			
			
				FAO - fiskeri: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us			
			
			
			
			
			
Verktyg
			
			
			
			
				
					Ytterligare information				
				
					 PhysiologySyreförbrukning
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  				 
			 
			
			
			
				Internet-källor
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 4.1 - 26, mean 9.7 (based on 362 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (16 of 100).					
				
						
							
					
						Climate Vulnerability  					
					
					Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).				
						
			
			
			
				Nutrients  :  Calcium = 149 [71, 228]  mg/100g; Iron = 8.53 [1.95, 15.11]  mg/100g; Protein = 9.88 [8.64, 11.12] %; Omega3 = 0.313 [0.202, 0.423]  g/100g; Selenium = 61 [50, 72]  μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 2.04 [0.56, 3.51]  mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.