Bivalvia | 
Venerida | 
Veneridae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range				
				
					Ekologi				
				
			
			
				;  djupintervall 0 - 30 m (Ref. 113236).  Subtropical, preferred 17°C (Ref. 107945); 59°N -   35°S, 18°W -   36°E			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Western Indian Ocean:  from Norway to South Africa and east to Mozambique.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 7.0 cm SHL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 109255); common length : 5.0 cm SHL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 437)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					An active suspension feeder (Ref. 96376).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Members of the class Bivalvia are mostly gonochoric, some are protandric hermaphrodites.  Life cycle:  Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam.				
			
			
			
			
			
				Fischer, W., G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.) 1981 Bivalves. 6: pag.var. In FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Central Atlantic (fishing areas 34, 47; in part). Canada Funds-in-Trust. Ottawa, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, by arrangement with the Food and AgriculturesOrganization of the United Nations, 1-7: pag.var. (Ref. 437)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
				Fiskeri: kommersiell			
			
			
				FAO - Vattenbruk: production;  | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us			
			
			
			
			
			
Verktyg
			
			
			
			
				
					Ytterligare information				
				
					 PhysiologySyreförbrukning
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet-källor
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 8.4 - 20.1, mean 12.2 (based on 728 cells).			
 
			
			
			
							
					Resiliens  				
				
				
					Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.16-0.35).				
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).					
				
						
							
					
						Climate Vulnerability  					
					
					Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).				
						
			
			
			
				Nutrients  :  Calcium = 149 [71, 228]  mg/100g; Iron = 8.53 [1.95, 15.11]  mg/100g; Protein = 9.88 [8.64, 11.12] %; Omega3 = 0.313 [0.202, 0.423]  g/100g; Selenium = 61 [50, 72]  μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 2.04 [0.56, 3.51]  mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.