Echinoidea |
Camarodonta |
Toxopneustidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range
Οικολογία
Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 10 - 82 m (Αναφ. 81020). Tropical
Indo-West Pacific.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Weight / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Dwells in hard substrates, among pebbles and rocks. Utilizes a combination of hard debris, shells, pebbles and seaweeds as cover (Ref. 129602). Lives on coral rubble substrates.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Eggs | Γονιμότητα | Larvae
Members of the class Echinoidea are gonochoric. Fertilization is external. Brooding is common, eggs are held either on the peristome, around the periproct or deep into the concavities on the petaloids. Life cycle: Embryos develop into planktotrophic larvae (echinoplateus) and live for several months before they sink to the bottom using their tube feet to adhere on the ground where they metamorphose into young urchins.
de Beer, M. 1990 Distribution patterns of regular sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) across the Spermonde Shelf, SW Sulawesi (Indonesia). In pp. 165-174 De Ridder, C., Dubois, P., Layahe, M. C. and Jangoux, M. (eds.). Echinoderm Research. Balkema, Rotterdam. (Αναφ. 81254)
IUCN Red List Status
(Αναφ. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Αναφ. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Εργαλεία
Περισσότερες πληροφορίες
Τροφική ΟικολογίαFood items (preys)
Σύσταση δίαιτας
Κατανάλωση τροφής
Θηρευτές
Population dynamicsΑύξηση
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Αφθονία
Life cycleΑναπαραγωγήΓεννητική ΩρίμανσηΓονιμότηταΓεννοβολίαEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyΚατανάλωση οξυγόνου
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 24.2 - 28.9, mean 27.5 (based on 416 cells).
Price category
Unknown.
