Gymnolaemata |
Ctenostomatida |
Vesiculariidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range
Ekologi
; djupintervall 0 - 13 m (Ref. 2672). Subtropical; 61°N - 34°S, 114°E - 54°E
Eastern Pacific, Southwest Atlantic, Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea: from China to Gulf of Mexico, Europe, South Africa and east to Caspian Sea. Temperate and subtropical.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Könsmognad: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Minimum depth from Ref. 116066. Epibenthic, encrusting (Ref. 116066).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the phylum Bryozoa are hermaphroditic. Both fertilization and egg brooding may either be internal or external.
Soule, J.D. 1963 Results of the Puritan-American Museum of Natural History Expedition to Western Mexico. 18. Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata (Ectoprocta), and Entoprocta of the Gulf of California. American Museum Novitates (2144):1-34. (Ref. 874)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Verktyg
Ytterligare information
Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
Födosammansättning
Födointag
Predatorer
Population dynamicsTillväxt
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundans
PhysiologySyreförbrukning
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet-källor
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 8.9 - 16.1, mean 11 (based on 798 cells).
Price category
Unknown.
