Cephalopoda |
Sepiida |
Sepiolidae | Sepiolinae
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
底中水層性; 深度上下限 42 - 701 m (參考文獻 114857), usually 120 - 200 m (參考文獻 843). Temperate; 70°N - 16°N, 18°W - 37°E (參考文獻 106954)
Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and Western Indian Ocean: from Norway to Mauritania and the Indian Ocean.
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 5.0 cm ML 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (參考文獻 3722); 4 cm ML (female)
An epipelagic-mesopelagic species, occurring within a wide depth range, from close to the surface (8 m) down to over 1000 m. Common depth range in the North Atlantic is between 50 and 300 m; and between 100-200 and 400 m in the Mediterranean. Prefers soft, muddy substrates, often on shrimp fishing grounds. Never found in brackish waters. Vertical movement of this species is linked to trophic relationships. Feeding occurs primarily from dusk to dawn, with adult animals spending the day buried in the bottom substrate. Feeds mainly on crustaceans, notably on euphausiids, and the decapod Pasiphaea sivado in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea. Undergoes seasonal movements related to reproduction. Spawning most likely continuous throughout the year, with reported peaks in reproductive activity in several different areas. Mating takes place head-to-head, generally in shallow coastal waters. Both viable and unviable eggs are deposited in various solid substrates, preferably on ascidians (Microcosmus sp.). Eggs hatch in about 2 months. Its short lifecycle is range from between 6 to 9 months. Preyed upon by several demersal fish and occasionally by cetaceans. Successfully cultured in aquaria. Abundant in the Mediterranean Sea and represents an important bycatch of many trawl fisheries. Commonly sold on Mediterranean markets, most abundant in summer, and is valued as a delicacy in certain areas such as in southern Sicily (Ref. 1695).
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 3. Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(3):277p. Rome: FAO. (參考文獻 275)
IUCN 瀕危狀態
(參考文獻 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
CITES狀態 (參考文獻 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
人類使用
| FishSource |
工具
網路資源
基於模型的估計
首選溫度
(Ref.
115969): 7.1 - 15.3, mean 10.6 (based on 200 cells).
釣魚的脆弱性
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
價格種類
Unknown.
