Cephalopoda |
Oegopsida |
Pyroteuthidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
ناحیه ای از منطقه اقیانوسی با عمق بین 1000 تا 4000 متر. موجوداتی که در آبهای آزاد بین اعماق 1000 تا 4000 متر زندگی و تغذیه می کنند; تغييرات عمق 50 - 800 m (مرجع 97142). Subtropical; 68°N - 54°S, 180°W - 180°E (مرجع 97142)
Atlantic Ocean, Indo-West Pacific and the Mediterranean Sea. Tropical to temperate.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 5.0 cm ML جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 97142)
Cosmopolitan in tropical, subtropical to temperate waters. In the South Pacific Ocean the species is common in the mixed waters of the subtropical frontal zone and the sub-Antarctic waters. Adults occupy the upper mesopelagic zone during the day and
then undergo diel vertical migration into epipelagic waters at night: off Bermuda, closing-net studies showed it occurs principally at 375 to 500 m during the day and
ascends to 75 to 175 m at night; in open net studies off the Canary Islands, found them at 400 to 800 m during the day and 50 to 100 m to 200 m at night. The species occurs in the eastern Mediterranean Sea/northern Aegean Sea in the mesobathyal basins (Ref. 97142).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
Turgeon, D.D., J.F. Quinn Jr., A.E. Bogan, E.V. Coan, F.G. Hochberg, W.G. Lyons, P.M. Mikkelsen, R.J. Neves, C.F.E. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, F.G. Thompson, M. Vecchione and J.D. Willams 1998 Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed. American Fisheries Society (Special publication 26), Bethesda, Maryland. 526 p. (مرجع 1667)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN
(مرجع 130435: Version 2025-1)
وضعيت از نظر سايتس (مرجع 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
استفاده انسانی
| FishSource |
ابزارها
اطلاعات بيشتر
Population dynamicsرشدMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.نوسانات طولیMass conversionفراواني Life cycleتولید مثلبلوغFecundityتخم ریزیEggsنمو تخمLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 6.5 - 20.4, mean 13.1 (based on 1426 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
