Aves |
Procellariiformes |
Hydrobatidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
. Tropical; 70°N - 43°S, 140°E - 27°E (مرجع 125423)
Indo-Pacific, Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic. Tropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 22.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 8812); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 50.00 g (مرجع 356)
Culmen: 1.63 cm; tarsus: 2.5 cm; wing: 15.4 cm.
Total Length: 19 to 22 cm; Wingspan: 45 to 48 cm (Ref. 8812). Continental shelf; <200 km (Ref. 81748). Found over sea and along shores (Ref. 83946). Pattering and dipping displays (Ref. 81748). One of the largest global population of seabirds at >10 million individuals. Goes on long transequatorial migrations, from high northern or southern latitudes across to high opposite latitudes. Found over a wide variety of habitat. Obtain food at surface of sea; an offshore feeder. Copulation occurring ashore and ovum fertilization happens at sea; delayed fertilization possible because of sperm-storage glands; allows birds to feed at sea while egg forms and prior to the long period of fasting during egg incubation. Stomach oils an energy source to the incubating bird, a species with one of the highest daily rates of mass loss while incubating its eggs. Hatchling size = 6.3 g. Chicks exhibit nestling obesity. Chicks feed sporadically in burrows; conserves water; with urine osmolality of 735 mmol/kg. Effect of oil pollution is slowed weight gain and higher chick mortality. Predation pressure from Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) and Great Black-backed Gulls (Larus marinus) as a consequence of closure of eastern Canadian ground-fishery (1992-1999) which eliminated discard and offal food source for these predatory birds (Ref. 87784).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Birds breed when they reach 3 years of age; although some adults do not return in the breeding colony annually, i.e., those who were able to breed successfully in the previous year do not breed the following year.
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
Lepage, D. 2007 Avibase -the World Bird Database. http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp [accessed 09/07/2007]. (مرجع 7816)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN
(مرجع 130435: Version 2025-1)
وضعيت از نظر سايتس (مرجع 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
استفاده انسانی
| FishSource |
ابزارها
اطلاعات بيشتر
Life cycleتولید مثلبلوغFecundityتخم ریزیEggsنمو تخمLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 1.7 - 26.1, mean 10.1 (based on 2430 cells).
جهندگی
زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (K=11.88-29.43).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
طبقه قيمت
Unknown.
