Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Alcidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / пределы глубины / distribution range
экология
; пределы глубины 0 - 45 m (ссылка 60377), usually 15 - 20 m (ссылка 60377). Temperate; 71°N - 32°N, 145°E - 116°W
Eastern Pacific and the Arctic: Alaska to California. Temperate to subtropical.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 35.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (ссылка 8812); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 487.00 g (ссылка 356)
Culmen: 4.39 cm; wing: 1.88 cm.
Total Length: 30 to 35 cm (Ref. 8812). A large species (Ref. 87784). Common depth of 15 to 20 m is foraging depth most preferred by species (Ref. 60377). Nearshore feeder (Ref. 87784). Pursuit diver; coastal; <15 km; water <20m deep (Ref. 356). Based on stable isotope analysis (SIA) diet study of egg albumin, belongs to higher N signature group (based on ratios of stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon): piscivorous with pelagic foraging range. Aquatic courtship display such as calling and wing-raising, head dipping below the sea surface, and flipping below the sea surface or skittering. Typically nests in crevices. On the Farallon Islands, this species usurps nests of smaller Cassin's Auklet by destroying eggs or chicks thereby effectively lowering its habitat competitor's reproductive success. Severely affected by El Niño events by abandoning nesting attempts in the Farallon Islands in central California. Vulnerable to oil spill as a diving species; population still depressed, with over 50% decline, 9 years after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound as an effect of persistent trace oil in the water that caused a decline in forage fish abundance (Ref. 87784).
Life cycle and mating behavior
половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Основная ссылка
ссылки | координатор | соавторы
SAUP Database 2006 SAUP Database. www.seaaroundus.org. (ссылка 356)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП
(ссылка 130435: Version 2025-1)
Статус СИТЕС (ссылка 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (ссылка 116361)
Not Evaluated
Угроза для людей
Использование человеком
| FishSource |
инструменты
дополнительная информация
Population dynamicsростMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Размерный составMass conversionчисленность Life cycleразмножение
половая зрелость
Fecundity
нерест
Eggs
Развитие икры
Larvae
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 4.9 - 11.2, mean 8.5 (based on 412 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Категория цены
Unknown.
