Bivalvia |
Arcida |
Arcidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
; खारा; गहराई सीमा 0 - 20 m (संदर्भ 101198). Tropical, preferred 27°C (संदर्भ 107945); 46°N - 39°S, 26°E - 134°W (संदर्भ 106948)
Indo-Pacific.
Length at first maturity / आकार / Weight / Age
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ?, range 2 - 2.1 cm Max length : 9.0 cm SHL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 348); common length : 6.0 cm SHL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 348); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 12 वर्षो (संदर्भ 126573)
Shell equivalve, thick and solid, ovate, strongly inflated, slightly longer than high and feebly inequilateral. Umbones strongly protruding, cardinal area rather large. About 18 radial ribs (15 to 20) with wide interstices at each valve; ribs stout and distinctly rugose, bearing regular, often rectangular nodules. Periostracum rather thin and smooth. Internal margins with strong crenulations corresponding with the external radial ribs. No byssal gape. Colour: outside of shell white under the yellowish brown periostracum. Inner side white, often tinged yellow towards the umbonal cavity.
This represents the most important commercial ark (Ref. 348). Lives in intertidal and shallow subtidal waters. On muddy bottoms, mainly in protected bays and estuaries, or in mangroves. Often occurring in dense populations (Ref. 348). Typically found in the intertidal with silty bottoms with low salinity. A filter-feeder and a shallow burrower. Primarily feeds on organic detritus, phytoplankton and detritus (Ref. 101198).
Members of the class Bivalvia are mostly gonochoric, some are protandric hermaphrodites. Life cycle: Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam.
Poutiers, J.M. 1998 Bivalves. Acephala, Lamellibranchia, Pelecypoda. p. 123-362. In Carpenter, K. E. and V. H. Niem. 1998. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 1. Seaweeds, corals, bivalves, and gastropods. Rome, FAO. (संदर्भ 348)
IUCN Red List Status
(संदर्भ 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (संदर्भ 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (संदर्भ 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक
FAO - जलीयकृषि: production; मात्स्यिकी: landings, species profile | FishSource | Sea Around Us
साधन
अधिक जानकारी
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 21.8 - 29.3, mean 28.4 (based on 3701 cells).
लौटाव
ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (K=0.54-4.34; tm=0.6; tmax=12).
Prior r = 0.85, 95% CL = 0.56 - 1.28, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
High vulnerability (61 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 149 [71, 228] mg/100g; Iron = 8.53 [1.95, 15.11] mg/100g; Protein = 9.88 [8.64, 11.12] %; Omega3 = 0.313 [0.202, 0.423] g/100g; Selenium = 61 [50, 72] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 2.04 [0.56, 3.51] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
