Aves |
Pelecaniformes |
Sulidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
. Temperate; 74°N - 5°S, 98°W - 43°E
Indo-Pacific, Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean and the Arctic.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 93.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 84934); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 3.1 kg (مرجع 356)
Culmen: 9.98 cm; tarsus: 5.45 cm; wing: 43.52 cm.
Found on beach and shoreline and open ocean (Ref. 116102). In the North Sea off the east coast of Scotland and northern England, this species is known to be the largest consumer of the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus, but not primarily dependent on this as a food source and is known to switch preys. They forage offshore over a wide area, mainly surface-feeding by scooping prey from the water although with relatively limited ability to exploit the water column (Ref. 95711). Exhibits plunge diving (Ref. 356). They form nesting colonies with breeding pairs sharing incubation and chick-rearing duties. Adults feed their chicks with regurgitated food (Ref. 95711).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
SAUP Database 2006 SAUP Database. www.seaaroundus.org. (مرجع 356)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN
(مرجع 130435: Version 2025-1)
وضعيت از نظر سايتس (مرجع 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
استفاده انسانی
| FishSource |
ابزارها
اطلاعات بيشتر
Population dynamicsرشدMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.نوسانات طولیMass conversionفراواني Life cycleتولید مثل
بلوغ
Fecundity
تخم ریزی
Eggs
نمو تخم
Larvae
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 6.3 - 11.9, mean 9 (based on 488 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
High vulnerability (57 of 100).
طبقه قيمت
Unknown.
