Aves |
Pelecaniformes |
Sulidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range
Οικολογία
. Temperate; 74°N - 5°S, 98°W - 43°E
Indo-Pacific, Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean and the Arctic.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Weight / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 93.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Αναφ. 84934); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 3.1 kg (Αναφ. 356)
Culmen: 9.98 cm; tarsus: 5.45 cm; wing: 43.52 cm.
Found on beach and shoreline and open ocean (Ref. 116102). In the North Sea off the east coast of Scotland and northern England, this species is known to be the largest consumer of the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus, but not primarily dependent on this as a food source and is known to switch preys. They forage offshore over a wide area, mainly surface-feeding by scooping prey from the water although with relatively limited ability to exploit the water column (Ref. 95711). Exhibits plunge diving (Ref. 356). They form nesting colonies with breeding pairs sharing incubation and chick-rearing duties. Adults feed their chicks with regurgitated food (Ref. 95711).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Eggs | Γονιμότητα | Larvae
SAUP Database 2006 SAUP Database. www.seaaroundus.org. (Αναφ. 356)
IUCN Red List Status
(Αναφ. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Αναφ. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Εργαλεία
Περισσότερες πληροφορίες
Population dynamicsΑύξησηMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionΑφθονία Life cycleΑναπαραγωγή
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση
Γονιμότητα
Γεννοβολία
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologyΚατανάλωση οξυγόνου
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 6.3 - 11.9, mean 9 (based on 488 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
High vulnerability (57 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
