Gelochelidon nilotica, Gull-billed tern
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Gelochelidon nilotica   Gmelin, 1789

Gull-billed tern
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Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Aves | Charadriiformes | Laridae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range Οικολογία

; Υφάλμυρο.  Tropical; 56°N - 44°S, 116°W - 173°E (Αναφ. 124582)

Distribution Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Εισαγωγές

Indo-Pacific, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean.

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Weight / Age

Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 43.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Αναφ. 8812); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 290.00 g (Αναφ. 356)

Short description Μορφολογία

Culmen: 4.1 cm; tarsus: 2.3 cm; wing: 33.0 cm.

Βιολογία     Γλωσσάρι (π.χ. epibenthic)

Total Length: 35 to 43 cm; Wingspan: 86 to 103 cm (Ref. 8812). Total population is 55,000 pairs, mostly in Asia, 40,000 pairs. European population of about 6,800 to 160,000 pairs is declining due to loss of habitat (Ref. 84934). Surface seizing; coastal; coastal Islands (Ref. 356). Feeds by dipping to the sea surface with occasional plunge-dives. Breeds colonially in salt marshes, salt works, coastal dunes, islands and freshwater lagoons in southern North America, Caribbean, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia and northern Africa (Ref. 84934). Gull-billed terns are observed to display group adherence. This species has a high nest fidelity in stable habitats, and yet when environmental disasters occur, they retain their mates and settle with the same neighbors at the breeding locality (Ref. 87784).

Life cycle and mating behavior Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Eggs | Γονιμότητα | Larvae

Main reference Αναφορές | Συντονιστής | Συνεργάτες

Enticott, J. and D. Tipling 1997 Seabirds of the World: the complete reference. Singapore: New Holland (Publishers) Ltd. 234 p. (Αναφ. 84934)

IUCN Red List Status (Αναφ. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 14 August 2019

CITES status (Αναφ. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Αναφ. 116361)


Threat to humans

Human uses


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Εργαλεία

Περισσότερες πληροφορίες

Οικολογία
Population dynamics
Αύξηση
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Αφθονία
Life cycle
Αναπαραγωγή
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση
Γονιμότητα
Γεννοβολία
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Physiology
Κατανάλωση οξυγόνου

Διαδικτυακές πηγές

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Δέντρο Ζωής | Wikipedia (Go, αναζήτηση) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 12.1 - 29.1, mean 27.1 (based on 5421 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability (Αναφ. 71543): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
Price category (Αναφ. 80766): Unknown.