Aves | 
Charadriiformes | 
Laridae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / Mức độ sâu / distribution range				
				
					Sinh thái học				
				
			
			
				; Thuộc về nước lợ.  Tropical; 56°N -   44°S, 116°W -   173°E (Tài liệu tham khảo 124582)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Indo-Pacific, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Weight / Age
			
			
				Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 43.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Tài liệu tham khảo 8812); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 290.00 g (Tài liệu tham khảo 356)			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						Culmen: 4.1 cm; tarsus: 2.3 cm; wing: 33.0 cm.					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Total Length:  35 to 43 cm; Wingspan:  86 to 103 cm (Ref. 8812).  Total population is 55,000 pairs, mostly in Asia, 40,000 pairs.  European population of about 6,800 to 160,000 pairs is declining due to loss of habitat (Ref. 84934). Surface seizing; coastal; coastal Islands (Ref. 356).  Feeds by dipping to the sea surface with occasional plunge-dives.  Breeds colonially in salt marshes, salt works, coastal dunes, islands and freshwater lagoons in southern North America, Caribbean, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia and northern Africa (Ref. 84934).  Gull-billed terns are observed to display group adherence.  This species has a high nest fidelity in stable habitats, and yet when environmental disasters occur, they retain their mates and settle with the same neighbors at the breeding locality (Ref. 87784).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Eggs | Sự sinh sản | Larvae				
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
				Enticott, J. and D. Tipling 1997 Seabirds of the World: the complete reference. Singapore: New Holland (Publishers) Ltd. 234 p. (Tài liệu tham khảo 84934)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Tài liệu tham khảo 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Tài liệu tham khảo 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				CMS (Tài liệu tham khảo 116361)
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
Các công cụ
			
			
			
			
				
					Thêm thông tin				
				
					 Population dynamicsSự sinh trưởngMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionSự phong phú   Life cycleSự tái sinh sản
Chín muồi sinh dục
Sự sinh sản
Đẻ trứng
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
  PhysiologyThành phần ô-xy
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Các nguồn internet
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 12.1 - 29.1, mean 27.1 (based on 5421 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.