Malacostraca | 
Decapoda | 
Penaeidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range				
				
					بوم شناسي				
				
			
			
				;  تغييرات عمق 16 - 90 m (مرجع 8).  Tropical; 26°N -   28°S, 65°E -   154°E			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Indo-West Pacific:  from Pakistan to Malaysia, the Philippines and Australia.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
			
			
				بلوغ: Lm ?, range 8 - ? cm Max length : 17.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 8)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Minimum depth from Ref. 107878. Subtidal (Ref. 106854).  Juveniles are found in an estuary (Ref. 106922), mangrove inlets, subtidal edge of mud flats, near inshore and far inshore waters (Ref. 121464).  Inhabits sand, mud, mud flats, mud mixed with shell fragments, fine sloppy alluvial silt, and clean sand with coarse shell and gravel (Ref. 106856).  Pelagic, i.e. recorded in the water column (Ref. 106854).  Omnivorous bottom feeder  (Ref. 105082).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Mating behavior:  Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833).				
			
			
			
			
				مآخذ اصلی  				
					مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
				
			
			
				Holthuis, L.B. 1980 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 1. Shrimps and prawns of the world. An annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(1):271 p. Rome: FAO. (مرجع 8)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN    
						 (مرجع 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				وضعيت از نظر سايتس   (مرجع 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				خطر برای انسان ها  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				استفاده انسانی  
			
			
				طعمه: usually			
			
			
				 | FishSource | Sea Around Us			
			
			
			
			
			
ابزارها
			
			
			
			
				
					اطلاعات بيشتر				
				
					 PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				منابع اينترنتي
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 25.9 - 28.4, mean 27.4 (based on 409 cells).			
 
			
			
			
							
					جهندگی  				
				
				
					زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (K=1.25).				
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (10 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
			
			
				Nutrients  :  Calcium = 109 [35, 184]  mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97]  mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386]  g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3]  μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40]  mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.