Sterna paradisaea, Arctic tern
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Sterna paradisaea   Pontoppidan, 1763

Arctic tern
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Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Aves | Charadriiformes | Laridae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range Οικολογία

.  Tropical; 83°N - 86°S, 180°W - 180°E (Αναφ. 124582)

Distribution Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Εισαγωγές

Circumglobal. Tropical to polar.

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Weight / Age

Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 38.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Αναφ. 8812); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 110.00 g (Αναφ. 356)

Short description Μορφολογία

Culmen: 3.35 cm; tarsus: 1.69 cm; wing: 27.0 cm.

Βιολογία     Γλωσσάρι (π.χ. epibenthic)

Total Length: 33 to 38 cm; Wingspan: 79 to 81 cm (Ref. 8812). Coastal (Ref. 356), found in the beach, shoreline, and pelagic zone (Ref. 116102). Displays surface plunging and dipping (Ref. 356). "Erect" and "sky-pointing" display as an appeasement posture during nesting and in pairing. High level of territorial aggression during pre-incubation and hatching periods. European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and Ruddy Turnstones (Arenaria interpres) feed on its eggs. Colonial behavior as an anti-predatory tactic by confusing or intimidating its predator. Ruddy Turnstones (A. interpres) steal fish delivered by parents of young birds in colonial nesting sites. Surface feeder. Moves across the great distance from the polar northern hemisphere to the southern polar region to feed after the breeding season; when feeding, tend to spread out pelagically instead of in groups. 1988 La Niña event linked to fledging failure on Mousa Island off Scotland (Ref. 87784).

Life cycle and mating behavior Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Eggs | Γονιμότητα | Larvae

Main reference Αναφορές | Συντονιστής | Συνεργάτες

Lepage, D. 2007 Avibase -the World Bird Database. http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp [accessed 09/07/2007]. (Αναφ. 7816)

IUCN Red List Status (Αναφ. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 August 2018

CITES status (Αναφ. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Αναφ. 116361)


Threat to humans

Human uses


| FishSource |

Εργαλεία

Περισσότερες πληροφορίες

Τροφική Οικολογία
Οικολογία
Population dynamics
Αύξηση
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Αφθονία
Life cycle
Αναπαραγωγή
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση
Γονιμότητα
Γεννοβολία
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Physiology
Κατανάλωση οξυγόνου

Διαδικτυακές πηγές

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Δέντρο Ζωής | Wikipedia (Go, αναζήτηση) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 0.4 - 13.3, mean 6.8 (based on 2468 cells).
Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 69278): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (K=67.24-75.43).
Fishing Vulnerability (Αναφ. 71543): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Price category (Αναφ. 80766): Unknown.