Sterna paradisaea, Arctic tern
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Sterna paradisaea   Pontoppidan, 1763

Arctic tern
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Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Aves | Charadriiformes | Laridae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range Ekologi

.  Tropical; 83°N - 86°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 124582)

Distribution Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Utplanteringar

Circumglobal. Tropical to polar.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 38.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 8812); publicerad maxvikt: 110.00 g (Ref. 356)

Short description Morfologi

Culmen: 3.35 cm; tarsus: 1.69 cm; wing: 27.0 cm.

Biologi     Ordlista (t.ex. epibenthic)

Total Length: 33 to 38 cm; Wingspan: 79 to 81 cm (Ref. 8812). Coastal (Ref. 356), found in the beach, shoreline, and pelagic zone (Ref. 116102). Displays surface plunging and dipping (Ref. 356). "Erect" and "sky-pointing" display as an appeasement posture during nesting and in pairing. High level of territorial aggression during pre-incubation and hatching periods. European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and Ruddy Turnstones (Arenaria interpres) feed on its eggs. Colonial behavior as an anti-predatory tactic by confusing or intimidating its predator. Ruddy Turnstones (A. interpres) steal fish delivered by parents of young birds in colonial nesting sites. Surface feeder. Moves across the great distance from the polar northern hemisphere to the southern polar region to feed after the breeding season; when feeding, tend to spread out pelagically instead of in groups. 1988 La Niña event linked to fledging failure on Mousa Island off Scotland (Ref. 87784).

Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Lepage, D. 2007 Avibase -the World Bird Database. http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp [accessed 09/07/2007]. (Ref. 7816)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 August 2018

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)


Threat to humans

Human uses


| FishSource |

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Ytterligare information

Trophic Ecology
Ekologi
Population dynamics
Tillväxt
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundans
Life cycle
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Fecundity
Lek
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Distribution
Physiology
Syreförbrukning
Human Related
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
referenser

Internet-källor

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (Go, sök) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 0.4 - 13.3, mean 6.8 (based on 2468 cells).
Resiliens (Ref. 69278): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (K=67.24-75.43).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.